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　　現(xiàn)況

• 　  中國估計有9300萬人已經(jīng)感染了乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）。

　　治療

• 　　 對急性乙型肝炎沒有特定的治療。護(hù)理的目的是保持身體舒適和適當(dāng)?shù)臓I養(yǎng)平衡，包括對有嘔吐和腹瀉癥狀的患者補充水份。
• 　　 慢性乙型肝炎可使用藥物治療，包括使用干擾素和抗病毒藥物，這可以幫助一些病人。治療花費一年近萬元，不是每個病人發(fā)病后都能夠負(fù)擔(dān)。
• 　　 肝硬化患者有時要接受肝移植，不是都能夠成功。
• 　　 肝癌幾乎總是致命的，而且往往是在人們最具生產(chǎn)力以及承擔(dān)著家庭責(zé)任的年齡發(fā)生。

　　預(yù)防

• 　　 所有嬰兒應(yīng)接受乙型肝炎疫苗：這是預(yù)防乙型肝炎的根本。
• 　　 根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的常規(guī)免疫程序，乙肝疫苗需要接種三次。在中國第一劑的疫苗應(yīng)在出生后盡早接種（即出生后24小時內(nèi)）。
• 　　 完成規(guī)定的疫苗接種后，95％以上的嬰兒、兒童、輕壯年都可產(chǎn)生保護(hù)性抗體。保護(hù)期至少持續(xù)20年，甚至是終生。
• 　　 所有年齡低于18歲的兒童和青少年，以前未接種疫苗都應(yīng)接種疫苗。2009-2011年中國政府將為所有15歲以下、既往未接種疫苗的兒童和青少年提供免費接種。
• 　　 該疫苗在有效性和安全性方面具有非常好的記錄。自1982年以來，超過10億劑乙肝疫苗，已經(jīng)在全世界使用。在中國疫苗接種已將5歲以下兒童慢性感染的比例減少到1％以下。

Hepatitis B

　　Key facts

　　· Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver, causing both acute and chronic disease.

　　· The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person - not through casual contact.

　　· About 25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood later die from liver cancer or cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) caused by the chronic infection.

　　· Hepatitis B virus is an important occupational hazard for health workers.

　　· Hepatitis B is preventable with a safe and effective vaccine.

　　Frequency

　　· In China, an estimated 93 million people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

　　Treatment

　　· There is no specific treatment for acute hepatitis B. Care is aimed at maintaining comfort and adequate nutritional balance, including replacement of fluids that are lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

　　· Chronic hepatitis B can be treated with drugs, including interferon and anti-viral agents, which can help some patients. Treatment can cost dozens of thousands of RMB per year and is not affordable to everyone.

　　· Patients with cirrhosis are sometimes given liver transplants, with varying success.

　　· Liver cancer is almost always fatal, and often develops in people at an age when they are most productive and have family responsibilities.

　　Prevention

　　· All infants should receive the hepatitis B vaccine: this is the mainstay of hepatitis B prevention.

　　· The vaccine is given in three separate doses, as part of existing routine immunization schedules. In China, the first dose of vaccine should be given as soon as possible after birth (i.e. within 24 hours).

　　· The complete vaccine series induces protective antibody levels in more than 95% of infants, children and young adults. Protection lasts at least 20 years and should be lifelong.

　　· All children and adolescents younger than 18 years old and not previously vaccinated should receive the vaccine. In China, from 2009 to 2011, the Government will provide the vaccine free of charge for all children under 15 years of age who have not yet been vaccinated.

　　· The vaccine has an outstanding record of safety and effectiveness. Since 1982, over one billion doses of hepatitis B vaccine have been used worldwide. In China, vaccination has reduced the rate of chronic infection to less than 1% among immunized children under 5 years age.